锶 (Sr) 是一种碱土金属，对骨组织有不利影响，但与其他经常研究的金属相比，它很少受到关注。本研究分析了矿渣、土壤、地下水、地表水等 209 个多介质样品中 Sr、钡 (Ba)、硫酸盐 (SO 4 2- )、硫化物 (S 2- ) 和六种常见金属的含量/浓度，和沉积物，收集在一个大的 Sr 渣堆区域。Sr 是土壤和地下水中的主要关注化学物质 (COC)，含量/浓度分别为 35.50-32200 mg/kg 和 0.57-152 mg/L，远高于先前研究报告的值。地表水和沉积物中所有COCs的含量/浓度都相对较低，除了渣堆附近沉积物中的Sr含量。日志K计算出 Sr 的d值低于普通金属，表明 Sr 在水生环境中的流动性相对较高。使用 Nemerow 指数进行的污染评估表明，近一半的土壤和地下水采样点，尤其是渣堆内部和附近的采样点受到严重污染，其中 Sr 是主要的 COC。正矩阵分解模型表明土壤中 COCs 的四种来源，包括 Sr 渣堆/SrCO 3生产、农业活动、工业活动和自然资源，贡献率分别为66.88%、5.28%、7.5%和20.34%。基于蒙特卡罗模拟的概率健康风险评估表明，地下水的非致癌风险以及土壤和地下水的致癌风险是不可接受的。值得注意的是，Sr 是所研究的 COC 中唯一具有非致癌风险的 COC。我们的结果为管理 Sr 点源影响区域提供了科学支持。
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Source apportionment and health risk assessment of chemicals of concern in soil, water and sediment at a large strontium slag pile area
Strontium (Sr) is an alkaline earth metal that has adverse effects on bone tissue, but received little attention compared to other often-studied metals. This study analyzed the contents/concentrations of Sr, barium (Ba), sulfate (SO42−), sulfide (S2−), and six common metals in 209 multi-media samples, including slag, soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediment, collected at a large Sr slag pile area. Sr was the dominant chemical of concern (COC) in the soil and groundwater, with contents/concentrations being 35.50–32200 mg/kg and 0.57–152 mg/L, respectively, much higher than those reported in previous research. Contents/concentrations of all COCs in the surface water and sediment were relatively low, except Sr content in the sediment near the slag pile. The LogKd value of Sr was calculated to be lower than those of common metals, indicating relatively high mobility of Sr in the aquatic environment. Contamination assessment using Nemerow index indicated near half of the soil and groundwater sampling locations, especially those within and near the slag pile, were heavily contaminated, and Sr was the dominant COC. The positive matrix factorization model suggested four sources for the COCs in soil, including Sr slag pile/SrCO3 production, agricultural activities, industrial activities, and natural sources, with contribution rates of 66.88%, 5.28%, 7.5%, and 20.34%, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation-based probabilistic health risk assessment revealed that the non-carcinogenic risk of groundwater, and the carcinogenic risk of soil and groundwater, were unacceptable. Notably, Sr was the unique COC posing non-carcinogenic risk among the COCs studied. Our results provide the scientific support needed for managing Sr point source impacted area.